Editor's Note: The news from Pakistan is bad. One-fifth of the country's landmass has been flooded and 20 million Pakistanis have been affected. To date, the international response has been, at best, tepid. Rhapsody has compiled a list of credible organizations working on the ground in Pakistan who can make a difference in the lives of people who've lost everything and are now threatened with homelessness, disease and (potentially) starvation. If you're moved to, please donate to one of the charities below. And read on to learn more about Pakistan's rich and enduring musical culture.
Action Aid Pakistan
UNICEF
Oxfam
CARE
To donate by text message, text "SWAT" to 50555, and reply "Yes" when asked to confirm to make a $10 donation.
Pakistan's history as a passageway for every marauding army of the past few millennia has left it a simmering cauldron of ethnic tensions ... and also, incidentally, musically rich. In general Pakistani music hews close to Indian traditions that have drifted up from the south, with the additional spice of Persian, Moghul, Turkish and Central Asian elements. Its classical music works on the same modal, raga-based scale as Indian classical music, and the country is most famous for its
ghazals, love songs composed in rhyming couplets and sung in Urdu, a linguistic cousin of Hindi that is one of Pakistan's national languages. (Urdu is traditionally considered a beautiful and romantic language, well suited to poetry and literature.)
Folk traditions continue to be important throughout the country; all are specific to regions and are woven into life's significant events. Pakistan's most famous folk music hails from Punjab, a region split in half between India and Pakistan in 1947, during partition, and chances are, you know it: bhangra. This music, a folk style invented to celebrate the harvest, joined forces with Western instruments and became one of the region's biggest musical exports, a sound that has incorporated hip-hop and become an important part of the desi experience. The music is underpinned by the deep thrum of the
dhol, a two-headed drum, which mingles with the high, jangling sound of the single-stringed
tumbi. Traditionally the lead singer is backed by a group, who interject rhythmic nonsense syllables to heighten the tension of the song — you'll frequently hear "hoi, hoi" or "bolle, bolle" or the rolled "r" of "brrrr-ah." Bhangra is party music, and it's mad infectious.
On the pop music front, Pakistan, like India, leaves it to the movies. Pakistan's film industry is located in Lahore. Known as Lollywood, it's never rivaled Bollywood in terms of scale or cultural impact, but it has nurtured talents ranging from Noor Jehan (back in the 1950s) to today's hit singers like Imran Khan (not the cricket player/philanthropist). Styles such as rock and hip-hop have small but devoted followings, and for some reason, heavy metal has gained a strong foothold in Pakistan, with bands like Black Warrant gaining international recognition.
But Pakistan's most iconic music is
qawwali, the mystical Sufi music that offers its adherents the chance to experience truth and divine love in a direct and personal way. The music most likely has pre-Islamic roots, though for centuries it has served both singers and listeners as a way to get closer to Allah. Qawwali performances are beautiful and marathon events — a single singer performs, usually (though not traditionally) backed by a group of singers and accompanied by the droning, accordion-like harmonium, the tabla drum and a bowed instrument called a
rebab. The singer will frequently labor over a phrase for upward of 15 minutes, singing and re-singing it to elicit its depths, using vocal embellishments and elaborations to take what was a simple phrase and render it, in the end, almost without meaning. The meaning migrates to the sound, which becomes a means of experiencing divine union. The music's most famous proponent was Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, a mountain of a man who became the music's international ambassador before his death in 1997. Though his son carries on his legacy, the female singer Abida Parveen has, in recent years, come to fill his shoes as qawwali's preeminent singer.
Check out some of our picks for great Pakistani albums below. And please don't forget to donate!